Answer

The Case Shiller Index which provides monthly pricing/resale values back to 1987 for the United States and 20 metropolitan areas. Data is available directly from Standard & Poor's. Click on historical values at the bottom of the webpage.
EIU City Data provides detailed cost comparisons for 140 cities worldwide of furnished and unfurnished apartments and houses of varying sizes.
Also see the House Price Index on the Office of Federal Housing Enterprise Oversight website.