Answer

The Federal Reserve Economic Data (FRED), created and maintained by the Research Department of the St Louis Federal Reserve Bank, is an online database consisting of hundreds of thousands of economic data time series from scores of national, international, public, and private sources.

For historical statistics, refer to the The Historical Statistics of the United States from Colonial Times to 1970, on the US Census site.  Additional versions may be found by searching the library catalog, search.library.nyu.edu.

Additional resources are available on the NYU Business Library's Economics & Statistics page including, CEIC, Data-Planet Statistical Sets, and IMF Data